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CSS ''Richmond'', an ironclad ram, was built at Gosport (Norfolk) Navy Yard to the design of John L. Porter with money and scrap iron collected by the citizens of Virginia, whose imagination had been captured by the ironclad CSS ''Virginia''. Consequently she was sometimes referred to as ''Virginia II'', ''Virginia No. 2'' or ''Young Virginia'' in the South and as ''Merrimack No. 2'', ''New Merrimack'' or ''Young Merrimack'' by Union writers, months before the actual CSS ''Virginia II'' was ever laid down. Begun in March 1862, ''Richmond'' was launched May 6 and towed up to the Confederate capital that very night to escape Federal forces again in possession of Norfolk Navy Yard and the lower James River. ''Richmond'' was thus finished at Richmond, Virginia in July 1862 and placed in commission by Commander Robert B. Pegram, CSN as part of the James River Squadron. Twenty-two inches of yellow pine and oak plus 4 inches of iron protected her roof and "she is ironed 3½ feet below her load lines," wrote Shipyard Superintendent John H. Burroughs. During 1863 and early 1864 the James front was quiet, but from May 1864 momentous events followed in quick succession. The Confederates had three new ironclads in Captain French Forrest's squadron there and minor actions were frequent. During 1864 ''Richmond'', under Lieutenant William Harwar Parker, CSN, took part in engagements at Dutch Gap on August 13, Fort Harrison on September 29 – October 1, and Chaffin's Bluff on October 22. On January 23–24, 1865, she was under heavy fire while aground with ''Virginia II'' above the obstructions at Trent's Reach — at an angle that caused Federal projectiles to ricochet harmlessly off their casemates. But ''Richmonds tender, CSS ''Scorpion'', not thus armored, was severely damaged by the explosion of CSS ''Drewry'''s magazine as ''Drewry'' ended her life, lashed alongside ''Richmond''. The ironclads withdrew under their Chaffin's Bluff batteries for a few weeks but ''Richmond'' had to be destroyed by Rear Admiral Raphael Semmes, CSN, squadron commander, prior to evacuation of the capital on April 3. ==Commanders== The commanders of the CSS ''Richmond'' were:〔Coski (1996), John M. ''Capital Navy: The Men, Ships and Operations of the James River Squadron'', Campbell, CA: Savas Woodbury Publishers. ISBN 1-882810-03-1.〕 * Commander Robert B. Pegram (November 1862 – May 1864) * Commander William Harwar Parker (May-June 1864) * Lieutenant John S. Maury (July-October 26, 1864) * Commander William A. Webb (October-November 1864) * Commodore John McIntosh Kell (December 30, 1864-February 1865) * Lieutenant Hamilton Henderson Dalton (February 1865-) * Passed Midshipman J.A. Peters (during February 1865) ==Notes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「CSS Richmond」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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